Java Threads And Runnable
Understanding Java Threads and the Runnable Interface
Java Threads And Runnable
In Java, threads are a fundamental part of concurrency, allowing multiple tasks to run simultaneously within a program, which can enhance performance, especially in applications requiring parallel processing. A thread in Java is an instance of the `Thread` class or implements the `Runnable` interface, which provides a `run` method containing the code to be executed concurrently. To create a thread, you can either extend the `Thread` class and override its `run` method or implement the `Runnable` interface, which allows you to define the task in a more flexible manner. The `Runnable` approach is preferred when you want to allow your class to extend another class since Java does not support multiple inheritance. Once a thread is created, it must be started using the `start()` method, which internally invokes the `run()` method in a newly allocated call stack, enabling the thread to execute independently of the main program flow. This makes Java threading a powerful feature for developing responsive and efficient applications.
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1 - Introduction to Threads: A thread is a lightweight subprocess that can run concurrently with other threads, allowing for multitasking within a program.
2) Java Thread Class: In Java, the `Thread` class is used to create and control threads. You can extend this class to define the behavior of a custom thread.
3) Runnable Interface: The `Runnable` interface provides a simple way to define a task that can be executed by a thread. It contains a single method: `run()`.
4) Creating a Thread using Thread Class: You can create a thread by creating a subclass of the `Thread` class and overriding its `run()` method.
5) Creating a Thread using Runnable: Alternatively, you can implement the `Runnable` interface and pass an instance of it to a `Thread` object to create and start a new thread.
6) Thread Lifecycle: Threads have several states, including New, Runnable, Blocked, Waiting, Timed Waiting, and Terminated. Understanding these states is critical for thread management.
7) Starting a Thread: To start a thread, you invoke the `start()` method on a `Thread` instance. This method prepares the thread to run and then invokes the `run()` method asynchronously.
8) Thread Execution: Once a thread is started, it gets scheduled by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and runs independently from other threads.
9) Synchronization: To prevent concurrency issues, Java provides synchronization mechanisms, such as `synchronized` methods and blocks, to control access to shared resources.
10) Thread Priority: Threads in Java can have priorities, with the `setPriority(int priority)` method allowing for relative prioritization of threads. However, thread priority is not guaranteed to affect execution order.
11) Daemon Threads: Daemon threads are low priority threads that run in the background to perform tasks like garbage collection. These threads do not prevent the JVM from exiting.
12) Inter thread Communication: Java provides facilities like `wait()`, `notify()`, and `notifyAll()` methods to enable communication between threads, allowing them to coordinate execution.
13) Thread Pooling: Instead of creating a new thread for each task, thread pools exist to manage a group of worker threads that can be reused for executing multiple tasks efficiently.
14) Executor Framework: The `java.util.concurrent` package contains the Executor framework, which simplifies thread management and provides safer and more flexible concurrency controls.
15) Exceptions in Threads: When a thread encounters an exception, it can terminate without affecting other threads. It's crucial to handle exceptions properly in multi threaded applications.
16) Best Practices: Use higher level concurrency utilities (like those from `java.util.concurrent`) instead of low level threading, avoid global mutable states, and minimize thread contention to design robust multi threaded applications.
This outline provides a clear path for students to grasp the essential concepts of Java threads and the Runnable interface, offering a solid foundation for understanding concurrency in Java applications.
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